Do not travel to the West Bank due to COVID-19, travel restrictions and quarantine procedures instituted by the Palestinian Authority. Besides its support for the multi-donor Trust Funds, the Government of Norway cooperates with the World Bank via the World Bank-administered Norway West Bank and Gaza Support Trust Fund, established in 2014 with a pledge of US$2 million. The ministry also continued to provide limited financial support to some Christian clergy and Christian charitable organizations. Private Islamic schools also operate in the West Bank. The decree also allowed the churches to have legal rights, open financial accounts, and possess property rights. West Bank and Gaza. The ground in Gaza is made up of soft soil, while the West Bank is rockier. In June and October unknown individuals threw explosive devices at the shrine from the West Bank. Clergy members stated the barrier and additional checkpoints restricted their movements between Jerusalem and West Bank churches and monasteries, as well as the movement of congregants between their homes and places of worship. Israeli authorities issued permits for some Christians to exit Gaza to attend religious services in Jerusalem or the West Bank. Do not travel to Gaza due to COVID-19, terrorism, civil unrest, and armed conflict. The West Bank and Gaza Partnership for Infrastructure Development Multi Donor Trust Fund (PID MDTF) was established in 2012 to provide financial and technical support for the coverage, quality, and sustainability of Palestinian infrastructure. According to local human rights groups and media, Israeli authorities rarely prosecuted Jewish suspects in attacks against Muslims and Christians, failing to open investigations or closing cases for lack of evidence. The U.S. government has provided assistance to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza to promote Middle East peace since 1993, in part through programs administered by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and funded by the Economic Support Fund (ESF). On August 23, media reported that the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine detonated an explosive device at a popular tourist site near the West Bank settlement of Dolev, injuring a rabbi and his son and killing his daughter. Some Jewish religious leaders said this policy limiting travel to parts of the West Bank prevented Jewish Israelis from freely visiting several religious sites in the West Bank, including Joseph’s Tomb, because they were denied the opportunity to visit the site on unscheduled occasions or in larger numbers than permitted through IDF coordination. IMPACT-se reported in September that PA schoolbooks for the 2019-2020 school year contained material glorifying terror and promoting violence, with a “systematic insertion of violence, martyrdom, and jihad across all grades and subjects.” The Jerusalem-based Center for Near East Policy Research reported in August that PA teacher guides published in 2016-18 delegitimize Jews’ presence, and demonize Jews as “aggressive, barbarous, full of hate, and bent on extermination,” and “enemies of Islam since its early days.”, Both the European Union and Norwegian parliaments called for funding restrictions to the Palestinian Ministry of Education if incitement and anti-Semitism were not removed from Palestinian textbooks. Some Muslim leaders publicly rejected a Jewish connection to the site. The IDF restricted Muslims to one entry point, manned by soldiers and metal detectors, while granting Jews access via several entry points that lacked security screening. 1978 On August 8, an Israeli soldier in a religious studies program was abducted and killed while returning to his yeshiva in the West Bank settlement of Ofra. The European Union(EU) also has adopted this usage. Addressing the needs of the vulnerable and strengthening institutions for improved citizen-centered service delivery. President Abbas said on Palestinian media on March 24, “We want to achieve our right and our state peacefully…We will not choose a path other than negotiations to achieve our right.” According to Palestinian media, however, based on a translation by the Middle East Media Research Institute, Abbas said on August 10 while visiting a refugee camp, “Jerusalem is ours whether they like it or not…We shall enter Jerusalem – millions of fighters! Various Israeli and Palestinian groups continued to protest against interfaith social and romantic relationships and other forms of cooperation. Fatah published on its official Facebook page a poster of Yunis referring to him as a “martyr.” Several local Fatah chapters on social media referred to individuals who had engaged in terrorist attacks as “martyrs” and posted memorials, including photographs of suicide bombers. During periods of heightened tension in the West Bank, protestors have targeted cars and buses with stone throwing, improvised incendiary devices, small arms fire, barricades, and burning tires. Palestinian law provides that in the defunct 132-member Palestinian Legislative Council, six seats be allocated to Christian candidates, who also have the right to contest other seats. West Bank and Gaza At-A-Glance The lack of progress towards peace and reconciliation continues to create an unsustainable economic situation in the Palestinian territories. On October 7, a host on the program The Cause in the Egyptian Halls broadcast on PA TV, summarized a commentator’s remarks by saying that Israeli authorities were creating “a forgery of history” in respect to Jewish history in Jerusalem. There are no seats reserved for members of any other religious group. USAID is the principal U.S. government agency that administers the United States’ foreign assistance program in the West Bank and Gaza. Some Israelis chose to privately visit Area A, without repercussions. Palestinians violently clashed with Israeli security forces in multiple instances when Jewish groups visited Joseph’s Tomb in Nablus. Keeping a strong focus on shared prosperity is also critical, particularly for renewing the social contract between people and the state, mostly via social protection and the provision of better public services. 33/ Ibid., p. 108. MENA Economic Update — Living with Debt: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to ... Economic Developments in the Palestinian Territories - November 2020, Palestinian Territories' Economic Update — October 2020, Palestinian Recovery and Development Plan, Palestinian Partnership for Infrastructure Trust Fund, Ad Hoc Liaison Committee Monitoring Reports. The Fatah branch in the city of Salfit in March praised Omar Abu Laila – suspected of carrying out a terrorist attack in which two Israelis were killed – following his killing by Israeli security forces, and referred to him as a “martyr.” The Fatah Bethlehem Chapter in January commemorated the 1979 “martyrdom” of Ali Hassan Salameh, who was connected with the attack against the Israeli team at the Munich Olympics among other violent attacks. In addition to redirecting ongoing projects to respond to the crisis, the Bank is supporting the Palestinian health response and supporting cash transfer and cash-for-work opportunities to protect vulnerable Palestinians in the West Bank who have fallen into poverty as a result of the pandemic. These churches may not proselytize. Palestinians had lived on much of the land taken by Israel. The Israeli government stated that authorities maintained a zero-tolerance policy against what it described as “Israeli extremists’ attacks” on Palestinians and made efforts to enhance law enforcement in the West Bank. Palestinian leaders continued in statements to local media to oppose the IDF’s control of access, citing Oslo-era agreements that gave Israel and the PA shared administrative responsibility for the site, although Israel retained full security responsibility for it. West Bank and Gaza. The compo-nents of water security in West Bank and Gaza are marginalized and weak. Gazan civil society leaders said Hamas in recent years had moderated its restrictions on dress and gender segregation in public. According to members of more recently arrived faith communities in the West Bank, including the Jehovah’s Witnesses, established Christian groups opposed the efforts of the recent arrivals to obtain official PA recognition because of the newcomers’ proselytizing. The AHLC is a semi-annual, policy-level meeting for development assistance to the Palestinian people that brings together representatives from the Bank, IMF, UN, US and other partners, in addition to those from the PA and Israel. During the year, Palestinian authorities established a procedure for registering future marriages involving Jehovah’s Witnesses that would also enable couples to register their children and protect the children’s inheritance rights. Following an August 15 terrorist attack near the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif, Israeli authorities briefly closed the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif while conducting a security search. West Bank and Gaza is a water-scarce lower-middle-income territory with a relatively water-dependent economy and is vulnerable within its geopolitical setting. The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Oslo Accords) stipulated that protection of 12 listed Jewish holy sites and visitors in Area A is the responsibility of the Palestinian police, and created a joint security coordination mechanism to ensure “free, unimpeded and secure access to the relevant Jewish holy site” and “the peaceful use of such site, to prevent any potential instances of disorder and to respond to any incident.” Both sides agreed to “respect and protect the listed below religious rights of Jews, Christians, Muslims and Samaritans” including “protection of the Holy Sites; free access to the Holy Sites; and freedom of worship and practice.”. Foreign pilgrims and religious aid workers also reported difficulty or delays accessing Christian religious sites in the West Bank because of the barrier. As the PA’s fiscal situation worsened, Israel and the PA eventually reached an agreement on October 5 for the PA to accept most of the taxes Israel collected on the PA’s behalf. According to a report by the Israeli MOJ, Israeli officials, including high-ranking politicians and senior officials from law-enforcement bodies, have declared an unequivocal zero-tolerance policy towards “price-tag” offenses by Israelis against Palestinians. 2. Both the European Union and Norwegian parliaments called for funding restrictions to the Palestinian Ministry of Education if incitement to violence and anti-Semitism were not removed from Palestinian textbooks. Hamas remained in de facto political control of Gaza. The PA recognized Easter as a public holiday for government employees, after a public outcry in 2018 when it was only given as a holiday to Christian public servants. Setting the conditions for increased private investment and job creation. Countries must continue spending on health and income transfers, which will add to ... Twice yearly, the Bank reports on Palestinian economic development to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee, a policy-level meeting for development assistance to the Palestinian people. The European Union announced in March that it would conduct a review of new Palestinian school textbooks following a study that found them to be more radical than in the past and containing incitement and rejection of peace with Israel. Palestinian and Israeli security forces coordinated some visits by Jewish groups to PA-controlled areas within the West Bank, which generally took place at night to limit the chance of confrontations with Palestinians who opposed the visit. Israel facilitated visits by clergy, including bishops from non-Arab countries, to Gaza on multiple occasions. The term "Palestinian territories" has been used for many years to describe the territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. Grants, financed from the World Bank’s own income and supplemented by Trust Funds contributed by donors, fund the Palestinian Authority’s (PA) projects in water, energy, urban and local development, social protection, education, health, solid waste management, and private sector development. Thus, the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for 2018–2021 is focused on creating a conducive environment for private investment in productive sectors of the Palestinian economy, a strategy built in turn on the Bank’s approach to maximizing finance for development. In 2018, Aysha al-Rabi, a Palestinian resident of Bidya Village, died when an unidentified individual threw a two-kilogram (4.4 pound) stone through her car windshield. An Israeli NGO reported in August that Israeli authorities and settlers prohibited access by Palestinians to several mosques in the West Bank located within Israeli settlements. The government continued to limit Arab Christian clergy serving in the West Bank to single-entry visas, which local parish leaders said complicated needed travel to other areas under their pastoral authority outside the West Bank or Jerusalem, such as Jordan. Israeli authorities continued to implement frequent bans on the Islamic call to prayer from the Ibrahimi Mosque, stating the government acted upon requests by Jewish religious leaders in Hebron in response to requests of Jewish worshippers at the site. In West Bank and Gaza we focus on supporting the private sector competitiveness and innovation, increasing access to finance for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and fostering a sustainable supply of energy. IDF officials said requirements to coordinate Jewish visits to Joseph’s Tomb were necessary to ensure Jewish Israelis’ safety. U.S. government representatives also met with political and civil society leaders to promote tolerance and cooperation to combat religious prejudice. With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. West Bank and Gaza. Hamas leaders and other militant groups continued to call for the elimination of the State of Israel, and some called for the killing of “Zionist Jews” and advocated violence through traditional and social media channels, as well as during rallies and other events. Residents and citizens of Israel continued to have relatively unimpeded access. Recognized churches operate private schools in the West Bank, which include religious instruction. PA law permits public meetings, processions, and assemblies within legal limits. Christian groups reported Hamas generally tolerated the small Christian presence in Gaza and did not force Christians to abide by Islamic law. The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. The West Bank – including East Jerusalem – and the Gaza Strip together constitute the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), which have been … Exercise increased caution in the West Bank due to terrorism and civil unrest. Israeli police and the IDF reported investigating other instances of religiously motivated attacks and making arrests. Palestinian authorities arrested the defendant in 2018 for his involvement in the sale of a property in Jerusalem’s Muslim Quarter owned by Adeeb Joudeh al-Husseini, the representative of a Muslim family historically entrusted with safeguarding the key to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Hamas also continued to enforce restrictions on Gaza’s population based on its interpretation of Islam and sharia, including a judicial system separate from the PA courts. We shall enter it! Because religion and ethnicity or nationality are often closely linked, it was difficult to categorize many incidents as being solely based on religious identity. ISO2 code: PS. And if the coronavirus causes a humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, Israel will have trouble claiming its hands are clean. Tel Shiloh is identified with the site of ancient Jewish worship before the construction of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. Israelis living in the West Bank are subject to military ordinances enacted by the Military Commander and Israeli law and legislation. Hamas also continued to enforce restrictions on Gaza’s population based on its interpretation of Islam and sharia. In June and October, unknown persons also threw explosive devices at Rachel’s Tomb from the West Bank. Political and religious groups in the West Bank and Gaza continued to call on members to “defend” Al-Aqsa Mosque. During the first six months of the year, Israeli police had investigated 31 allegations of nationalistic-based offenses committed by Israelis in the West Bank and 87 allegations against Palestinians. Palestinians claim the territories for a future independent state. Violence between Palestinians and Israelis continued, primarily in the West Bank and the periphery of Gaza. The World Bank’s program continues to produce rigorous analytical work, including helping to detail the landscape of poverty. Israeli authorities announced in January they had arrested five suspected perpetrators, yeshiva students from the nearby settlement of Rehelim. West Bank and Gaza Investment Guarantee Trust Fund, please contact: Layali H. Abdeen West Bank and Gaza representative multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency t. 972. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank has taken emergency action to support the Palestinian Authority’s relief and recovery efforts. West Bank and Gaza: At a Glance The office of the IMF Resident Representative for the West Bank and Gaza was established in July 1995, to help fulfill the IMF’s mandate to assist the Palestinian Authority as specified under the Oslo Accords. Couples who challenged this societal norm, particularly Palestinian Christians or Muslims who sought to marry Jews, encountered considerable societal and family opposition. The presidential decree authorized the council to issue civil documents for members such as birth and marriage certificates. By the end of August, new infections had reached 500 per day. The PA maintains some unwritten understandings with churches that are not officially recognized, based on the basic principles of the status quo agreements, including the Assemblies of God, Nazarene Church, and some evangelical Christian churches, which may operate freely. Thus, assuring Media reported the Hamas-affiliated Islamic University of Gaza required hijabs for all females. In what could be his first move as president, Joe Biden changed the Twitter title from the U.S. Since 2000, ECHO has provided EUR 700 million of humanitarian aid to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The Human Capital Index (HCI) database provides data at the country level for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender. Unrecognized religious groups such as Jehovah’s Witnesses faced a continued PA ban on proselytization but stated they were able to conduct most other functions unhindered. The Bank submits a report prior to each meeting, updating partners on economic and fiscal trends and providing economic and institutional analysis. Bethlehem residents said political instability affected tourism, Bethlehem’s key economic sector. The European Union announced in March that it would conduct a review of new Palestinian school textbooks following a study that found them to be more radical than in the past and containing incitement and rejection of peace with Israel. In 2018, the Nominal GDP of the West Bank and Gaza was estimated at $14.7 billion and per capita GDP was $3,000. West Bank、CIA World Factbook Palestine Facts & Info from Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs Legal Status of West Bank, Gaza … Palestinians who live in Area B fall under PA civil and criminal law, while Israel retains the overriding responsibility for security. UNOCHA estimated the mosque would have served approximately 300 community members. The Kohlet Policy Forum, an Israeli NGO, assessed that the obligation to provide free access to Jewish religious sites in PA-administered areas of the West Bank lay entirely with the PA under Oslo II and that the PA had failed to fulfill that obligation. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Hamas also interfered if there were reports of classes or activities that mixed genders. ISO2 code: PS. The Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom and other senior officials advocated with Israeli authorities to issue permits for Gazans to travel to Jerusalem and the West Bank for religious reasons. Among other territory, it then occupied the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem, as well as the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Media reported that NGO Tag Meir, which monitors hate crimes, expressed concern in April after Rabbi Shlomo Avenir of Beit El in the West Bank wrote on a website that burning of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was “a divine punishment against Christianity,” and that there was a religious duty (“mitzvah”) for Jews to burn Christian churches in Israel, but that it was not worth doing as they would simply be rebuilt. The report concluded: “These results suggest that people conceptualize sharia based on instrumentalist characteristics, improving public services and preventing misappropriation of sources.”. Anti-Semitic content also appeared in Fatah and PA-controlled media. An interim Basic Law applies in the areas under PA jurisdiction. Palestinian leaders, media and social media regularly used the word “martyr” to refer to individuals killed during confrontations with security forces. The government stated visa delays or denials were due to security processing, and visitors from states without diplomatic relations with Israeli could face delays. Various Israeli and Palestinian groups continued to protest against interfaith social and romantic relationships and other forms of cooperation. The PA released in January an individual holding a Jerusalem identification card whom Palestinian courts had found guilty of participating in the sale of land in Jerusalem to Israelis, and who had been sentenced to life in prison with hard labor. More recently, the official United Nations (UN) terminology has been used, occupied Palestinian territory (OPT or oPt) increasingly replacing other terms since 1999. West Bank, area of the former British-mandated (1920–47) territory of Palestine west of the Jordan River, claimed from 1949 to 1988 as part of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan but occupied from 1967 by Israel. There was also harassment by members of one religious group of another, social pressure to stay within one’s religious group, and anti-Semitic content in media. Israeli officials demolished a mosque under construction near Hebron in area C September 2 for lacking an Israeli building permit, according to UNOCHA and media reports. They met with political, religious, and civil society leaders to promote interreligious tolerance and cooperation. Such payments and separate stipends were initiated by the PLO in 1965 and have continued under the PA since the signing of the Oslo Accords with Israel. There are separate courses on religion for Muslims and Christians. Protests in Gaza ahead of, and turbulence since, the Nakba day and relocation of the United States’ embassy to Jerusalem in mid-May, mark Some converts to unrecognized Christian faiths had recognized churches with which they were previously affiliated perform their marriages and divorces. Media reported in October that vandals spray painted swastikas and anti-Semitic slogans on the tomb of Joshua Bin-Nun and Kalev Ben Yefune, in the Palestinian village of Kafel Harath (located in Area A), prior to an IDF coordinated visit by Jewish worshippers. Hamas reportedly interfered in teaching methodologies or curriculum deemed to violate Islamic identity, the religion of Islam, or “traditions,” as defined by Hamas. Since its inception, the Bank-administered Palestinian Recovery and Development Plan Multi Donor Trust Fund (PRDP MDTF) has channeled about US$1.6 billion in budget support to the PA’s program for macro-fiscal strengthening and public financial management reform. The PA subsequently in March refused to accept any of the remaining approximately 496 million shekels ($144 million) in tax revenues from Israel, which altogether represented approximately 65 percent of the PA’s budget. Through the Bank’s support in the area of education-to-work transition, about 11,000 students (nearly 2,500 in the last year alone), 46 percent of them women, have completed work practice and job placement programs that provide real-life experience to graduates of Teacher Education Institutions. Palestinians in the West Bank are subject to Jordanian and Mandatory statutes in effect before 1967, military ordinances enacted by the Israeli Military Commander in the West Bank in accordance with its authorities under international law, and in the relevant areas, Palestinian Authority (PA) law. Ambassador to Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza, giving credibility to the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip and Palestinian Authority. During the first six months of the year, in the West Bank, Israeli police investigated 31 allegations of what the MOJ described as involving “ideologically-based” offenses by Israelis, 21 of which involved “nationalistic-based” and public order offenses against Palestinians and others (e.g., the police or IDF) and 87 such allegations involving Palestinian offenses. All of us, the entire Palestinian people, the entire Arab nation, the Islamic nation, and the Christian nation…They shall all enter Jerusalem…We shall remain, and nobody can remove us from our homeland. They also continued to provide separate stipends to Palestinians in Israeli prisons, including those convicted of acts of terrorism. So we say to them: Every stone you [used] to build on our land and every house you have built on our land is bound to be destroyed, Allah willing…No matter how many houses and how many settlements they declare that they [plan to build] here and there – they shall all be destroyed, Allah willing.”. Christian leaders said Israel issued insufficient permits to meet the full demand, and the process was lengthy and time consuming. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly. The PA’s Palestinian Broadcasting Company’s code of conduct states it does not allow programming that encourages “violence against any person or institution on the basis of race, religion, political beliefs, or sex.” Some official PA media channels, as well as social media accounts affiliated with the ruling political movement Fatah, however, featured content praising or condoning acts of violence against Jews. The West Bank economy (comprising for the purposes of this guide Areas A and B under Palestinian Authority (PA) administrative control), on the other hand, has shown growth in past years before a more recent downturn. Palestinians in the West Bank are subject to a complex system of control, including physical (the Barrier, checkpoints, roadblocks) and bureaucratic barriers (permits, closure of areas) which restrict their right to freedom of movement.The expansion of Settlements, restrictions on access to land and natural resources and ongoing displacement due to demolitions in particular, are ongoing. Some official PA media channels, as well as social media accounts affiliated with the ruling Fatah political movement, featured content praising or condoning acts of violence, at times referring to assailants as “martyrs.” The Fatah branch in the city of Salfit in March praised Omar Abu Laila – suspected of carrying out an attack in which two Israelis were killed – following his killing by Israeli security forces. Engagement included meetings with Orthodox, ultra-Orthodox, and Reform rabbis, as well as representatives of various Jewish institutions; regular contacts with the Greek Orthodox, Latin (Roman Catholic), and Armenian Orthodox patriarchates; and meetings with the Holy See’s Custodian of the Holy Land, leaders of the Anglican and Lutheran Churches, the Syrian Orthodox Church, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and leaders of evangelical Christian groups, as well as Muslim community leaders. Israel occupied the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem in the 1967 Middle East war. On July 7, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on social media, “The Palestinians’ connection to the Land of Israel is nothing compared to the 4,000-year connection the Jewish people have with the land.” On August 26, official PA television broadcast an interview with the PA minister of culture in which he said the State of Israel “came out of nowhere, without a history and without geography.”, Anti-Semitic, militaristic, and other adversarial content continued to be directed against Israel in Palestinian textbooks, while references to Judaism were absent in the context of discussions of other religious, according to Palestinian Media Watch and the Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education (IMPACT-se).
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